Full case study available here

Company	Verstegen Spices & Sauces B.V.
Location	Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Product	1 jar of ground white pepper
Currency	Euro
Results	This assessment identified negative hidden cost of € 1,03 along the value-chain of a jar of white pepper from Verstegen.
Oiconomy Assessment	Oiconomy Sustainability Assessment Tool v1.08
Timeframe	Data from 2020
Included impact categories	Pollution & Climate, Depletion of scare resources, Land use, Biodiversity & land degradation, Waste, Labour, Various social responsibilities, Economic responsibility
Case description	Verstegen is a spices & herbs manufacturer from the Netherlands. Verstegen sells white pepper sourced from Indonesia, where the pepper is cultivated by smallholders and sold to the pepper exporter. Verstegen has been initiating various projects to improve the sustainability of the pepper supply chain but has not yet quantified the externalities associated with white pepper.
Photos along the value-chain

Full case study available here